A solar water heating system uses energy from the sun to heat water for domestic, commercial, or industrial use. It is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative to traditional water heating methods that rely on electricity or fossil fuels. The system typically consists of solar collectors, a storage tank, a circulation system, and a controller.

Solar collectors, usually mounted on rooftops, absorb sunlight and convert it into heat. The most common types are flat-plate collectors and evacuated tube collectors. A heat transfer fluid, often water or antifreeze, flows through the collectors and carries the absorbed heat to the storage tank. In direct systems, water is heated directly in the collectors, while in indirect systems, a heat exchanger transfers heat from the fluid to the water.

The heated water is stored in an insulated tank for later use, ensuring availability even during cloudy periods or at night. A backup heating system may be included to provide hot water during times of low solar energy.

Solar water heating systems help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy bills, offering long-term savings and sustainability. They are suitable for a wide range of climates and are increasingly popular in both residential and commercial applications.